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George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence, 1st Earl of Salisbury, 1st Earl of Warwick (21 October 1449 – 18 February 1478) was the third son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, and Cecily Neville, and the brother of English Kings Edward IV and Richard III. He played an important role in the dynastic struggle between rival factions of the Plantagenets known as the Wars of the Roses. Though a member of the House of York, he switched sides to support the Lancastrians, before reverting to the Yorkists. He was later convicted of treason against his brother, Edward IV, and was executed (allegedly by being drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine). He appears as a character in William Shakespeare's plays ''Henry VI, part 3'' and ''Richard III'', in which his death is attributed to the machinations of Richard. ==Life== Clarence was born on 21 October 1449 in Dublin at a time when his father, the Duke of York, had begun to challenge Henry VI for the crown. His godfather was James FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Desmond. He was the third of the four sons of Richard and Cecily who survived to adulthood. His father died in 1460. In 1461 his elder brother, Edward, became King of England as Edward IV; he created his brother George Duke of Clarence in 1461 and invested him as a Knight of the Garter (also in 1461). On 11 July 1469, Clarence married Isabel Neville, elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Clarence had actively supported his elder brother's claim to the throne, but when his father-in-law the Earl of Warwick (known as "the Kingmaker") deserted Edward IV to ally with Margaret of Anjou, consort of the deposed King Henry, Clarence joined him in France, taking his pregnant wife. She gave birth to their first child, a girl, on 16 April 1470, in a ship off Calais. The child died shortly afterwards. Henry VI rewarded Clarence by making him next in line to the throne after Edward of Westminster, justifying the exclusion of Edward IV either by attainder for his treason against Henry VI or on the grounds of his alleged illegitimacy. After a short time, Clarence realized that his loyalty to his father-in-law was misplaced: Warwick had his younger daughter, Anne, marry Edward of Westminster, King Henry VI's heir in December 1470. Since it now seemed unlikely that Warwick would replace Edward IV with Clarence, Clarence changed sides. Warwick's efforts to return Henry VI to the throne ultimately failed and Warwick was killed in battle (1471). The re-instated King Edward IV restored his brother Clarence to royal favour. As his father-in-law had died, Clarence became ''jure uxoris'' Earl of Warwick, but did not inherit the entire Warwick estate as his younger brother, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, married (ca. 1472) Anne Neville, the widowed younger sister of Clarence's wife. Clarence was created 1st Earl of Warwick () on 25 March 1472.〔Alison Weir, ''Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy'' (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 136.〕 In 1475 Clarence's wife Isabel gave birth to a son, Edward, later Earl of Warwick. Like the first lords of Richmond, Peter II of Savoy and Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland before him, Clarence received in 1462 the Honour of Richmond, a lifetime grant, but without the peerage title of Earl of Richmond. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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